• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a pontoon bridge (1), which comprises a plurality of pontoons (12) for supporting a bridge girder (13) and a stabilizing structure (2) with two suspension ropes (3), whose anchoring points (4) each on opposite banks (5) of a body of water anchored and which are arranged below a water surface (6), wherein at least one support cable (3) in plan view has an approximately parabolic course with respect to the bridge girder (13) and the support cables (3) with connecting cables (7, 70) are interconnected. At least one carrying cable (3) is connected to a buoyancy body (8) by at least one carrying element (9) and the buoyant body (8) is arranged at least partially above the water surface (6).
    公开号:AT516670A1
    申请号:T50943/2014
    申请日:2014-12-23
    公开日:2016-07-15
    发明作者:Johann Kollegger；Patrick Huber；Benjamin Kromoser
    申请人:Technische Universität Wien；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    T18834 pontoon bridge
    The invention relates to a pontoon bridge, which comprises a plurality of pontoons for supporting a bridge girder and a stabilizing construction with two suspension ropes, anchoring points of the suspension ropes being respectively anchored to opposite banks of a body of water and the suspension ropes being arranged below a water surface. At least one supporting cable has an approximately parabolic course in relation to the bridge girder in the ground plan and the carrying cables are connected to one another by connecting cables.
    Pontoon bridges - often referred to as ship bridges or floating bridges - usually consist of a series of pontoons, ships, boats or other floats floating on a body of water on which a bridge, a bridge deck or, in rare cases, a track is mounted. Since pontoon bridges do not require bridge piers and the corresponding foundations, they can usually be built faster and cheaper than a fixed bridge structure. In particular, pontoon bridges are used wherever large water depths or a low bearing capacity of the ground would not allow a fixed bridge or only with disproportionate effort.
    Pontoon bridges are anchored for the removal of forces acting transversely to the bridge axis, for example as a result of wind, waves or flow of a flowing water or a sea current, usually with ropes at the bottom of the water. At a large water depth, the anchoring of a rope at the bottom of the water is expensive and also less effective because the sag of the rope increases due to its own weight with the rope length and the tensile stiffness of the rope is smaller with increasing rope sag.
    Some variants of pontoon bridges are already known from the prior art. A construction for stabilizing a pontoon bridge in the transverse direction to the longitudinal axis of the bridge, which works without anchored at the bottom of the watercourse ropes, for example, is shown in document WO 2005/059255. In this embodiment, an approximately parabolic support rope is arranged laterally along the two longitudinal sides of the pontoon bridge. The two suspension ropes are located under the water surface to allow the passage of ships. The support cables are anchored at their end points on opposite banks. Between the suspension ropes are
    Connecting cables, which are connected to the pontoons of the pontoon bridge and with the support cables arranged. A disadvantage of the stabilization construction illustrated in FIGS. 5a and 5b in WO 2005/059255 is at least that the rigidity of the stabilization construction in the transverse direction is considerably reduced as a result of the rope sag caused by the dead weight and disadvantageously large tensile forces arise in the suspension cables.
    In WO 2013/191558 it is therefore proposed to design the suspension cables so that the dead weight of the suspension cables is compensated by the buoyancy in the water. However, such a procedure is not technically feasible, because tolerances in the specific weight of the material used for the ropes and tolerances in the dimensions, in particular of ropes with long pitches are inevitable. If the lift acting on the suspension rope is greater than the dead weight of the suspension rope, there is an undesirable floating of the suspension rope. However, a floating rope on the water surface is not allowed, especially in navigable waters. So the suspension cable must be dimensioned so that the lift is smaller than its own weight. In WO 2013/191558 there is an example on page 8 for the formation of the suspension ropes with steel pipes specified. The tube cross-section in this example corresponds to a circular ring with an outer diameter of 1.2 m and an inner diameter of 1.0 m. This results in a pipe cross-section of 0.3462 m2. With a density of 78.5 kN / m3 for steel, the weight of the pipe can be calculated as 27.1 kN / m. The weight of the tube in the water is thereby reduced by the prevailing buoyancy to 15.8 kN / m, if the density of water is set at 10.0 kN / m3.
    However, a weight of 15.8 kN / m arranged in the water carrying rope according to the example in WO 2013/191558 leads to the fact that the support cable still has a slack. This sag is smaller than in an embodiment according to WO 2005/059255. In pontoon bridges with a length of, for example, 4 km length but would still occur in an embodiment according to the example of WO 2013/191558 slack in the suspension ropes, which reduce the effectiveness of the stabilization construction formed by the pull and connecting ropes disadvantageous and high tensile forces in the suspension ropes cause.
    A sufficient rigidity of the stabilizing construction in the transverse direction to the longitudinal axis of the pontoon bridge is of great importance for the structural safety of the bridge girder. Large tensile forces in the suspension cables lead to high material tensions in the suspension cables and require the formation of elaborate anchoring structures at the anchoring points on the shore of the suspension cables.
    It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a pontoon bridge with a stabilizing construction, which has a higher rigidity against displacements in the transverse direction to the longitudinal axis of the pontoon bridge compared to the already known embodiments and resulting in lower tensile forces in the supporting cables. This object is achieved for a pontoon bridge with the features of the preamble of claim 1 by the features stated in the characterizing part of claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims and in the description of the figures.
    In a pontoon bridge according to the invention, comprising a plurality of pontoons to support a bridge girder and a stabilizing structure with two support cables anchoring points each anchored to opposite banks of a body of water and which are arranged below a water surface, wherein at least one supporting rope in plan view an approximately parabolic course with respect to the bridge girder and the support cables are connected by connecting cables with each other, at least one support cable is connected by at least one support element with a buoyancy body and arranged the buoyant body at least partially above the water surface.
    Advantageously, in a pontoon bridge according to the invention, the tensile forces acting on the support cables located below the water surface, at least one support cable, which is pulled upwards by one or more buoyancy bodies in the direction of the buoyancy of the buoyancy body or against gravity, due to the buoyancy force of Buoyancy body reduced. In particular, when a plurality of buoyancy bodies are arranged, for example, at regular intervals along the at least one support cable, a slack of the support cable and larger tensile forces in the support cable, which would otherwise lead to high material stresses in the support cables, reliably avoided. Furthermore, the anchoring structures can be dimensioned correspondingly smaller at the anchoring points on the shore of the suspension cables due to the reduced tensile forces that occur in the suspension cables compared to unsupported suspension cables. This advantageously pontoon bridges with larger bridge lengths or larger lengths of the bridge girder can be built at the same time reduced effort to produce the anchorages of the suspension ropes on the banks.
    Through the use of support elements, which are each connected to the support cable and to the buoyancy body, the immersion depth of the support cable can be determined with particular advantage in relation to the water surface. Depending on the length of the support elements, which are exemplified as tension members, the immersion depth of the support cable can be adjusted so that a passage of large ships, for example, with a draft of 20 m under the pontoon bridge is safely possible.
    The at least one support cable is dimensioned so that the force acting on the support rope buoyancy under water is smaller than the weight of the support cable, whereby an undesirable floating of the support cable is prevented. The buoyancy bodies are designed so that the buoyancy force of the buoyancy bodies is greater than the dead weight of the support rope. Thus, the buoyancy bodies are at least partially visible over the water surface. This is also advantageous for safety reasons, especially in navigable waters, as can be seen at any time by the visible on the water surface buoyancy of the course of the underlying suspension rope.
    Particularly advantageously, in a pontoon bridge with two submerged support cables, the buoyancy bodies on both support cables are arranged as symmetrically as possible relative to one another. Thus, the tensile forces acting in the two support cables are symmetrically reduced in each case in the same way by the buoyancy bodies. Tensions due to uneven acting on the pontoon tensile forces in the suspension cables are thus reliably avoided.
    Depending on the design of the pontoon bridge, for example, a supporting rope in plan has an approximately parabolic course in relation to the bridge girder, while the other carrying rope is guided below the girder. Or both support cables each have an approximately parabolic course in relation to the bridge girder in plan view and the bridge girder is arranged for example centrally between the two support cables. The two suspension cables are connected to each other with connecting cables. The suspension cables used may be made of wires, wires, chains, profiles of metallic materials or plastics, for example.
    In a preferred embodiment of a pontoon bridge according to the invention, at least one longitudinal cable extending in a longitudinal direction of the bridge girder is provided, which is anchored to abutments of the bridge girder on the banks and attached to the pontoons, preferably to an underside of the pontoons. A longitudinal rope, which is attached to the pontoons or interconnecting them, serves to stabilize the bridge girder the
    Pontoon bridge. The longitudinal rope may have between the storage points a rope sag, which depends on the weight of the rope, the distance of the storage points and any additional applied tensile force. In the context of the invention, a plurality of longitudinal cables can also be arranged substantially parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction of the pontoon bridge, which are each anchored to abutments of the bridge girder on the banks and attached to the pontoons, preferably on an underside of the pontoons.
    In a pontoon bridge according to the invention, the connecting cables are particularly advantageously arranged at an angle of 10 ° to 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the pontoon bridge. For example, the connecting cables are fastened in such a way between the support cables that they are arranged in plan view at an angle of approximately 90 ° to the longitudinal axis of the pontoon bridge. The dead weight of the suspension cables and a portion of the dead weight of the connecting cables are advantageously supported by buoyancy bodies, which are connected by means of supporting elements with the supporting cables.
    Alternatively or in addition to the connecting cables arranged at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the pontoon bridge, additional connecting cables can be arranged at an angle of, for example, 20 ° to 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the pontoon bridge. These additional connecting cables intersect under the bridge girder and are in the same horizontal plane as the suspension cables and the connecting cables running at 90 ° to the longitudinal axis. Crosswise or truss-like arranged connecting cables are particularly advantageous for the derivation of forces that occur temporally and / or locally unevenly in the transverse direction to the longitudinal axis of the pontoon bridge. Such forces, which do not act evenly over the entire width of the water body or not uniformly over the longitudinal direction of the pontoon bridge between the two shores, are for example gusts of wind or concentrated currents in the water. In these cases, by using intersecting additional connecting cables, the rigidity of the stabilizing structure can be increased transversely to the longitudinal axis direction of the pontoon bridge.
    Appropriately, in a pontoon bridge according to the invention, the connection ropes are arranged below the water surface and with a first end of each cable on a first support cable and with a first cable end opposite, second cable end optionally on a second support cable, a longitudinal rope, a pontoon and / or a Anchoring point attached to the shore. Depending on the design of the pontoon bridge connecting cables for connecting one or both support cables to each other and / or one
    Supporting rope with one or more longitudinal sides, with one or more pontoons or anchoring structures are used on the shore. Furthermore, the connecting cables can be arranged both parallel to one another, as well as crossing one another. Likewise, in the context of the invention, any combination of the aforementioned arrangements of connecting cables is included. For example, connecting cables can be arranged parallel to each other at right angles to the bridge girder and additional connecting cables are provided crossing each other in the area of the abutments of the bridge girder and serve to stabilize the pontoon bridge on the two shores.
    In a pontoon bridge according to the invention, it is particularly advantageous for at least two additional connecting cables to be arranged in cross-section in the plan view.
    In a further development of the invention, at least one of the two carrying cables is fastened to at least one pontoon, preferably to an underside of the pontoon, with a pontoon bridge, wherein the at least one pontoon is designed as a buoyant body. In this embodiment, the pontoons of the pontoon bridge at the same time serve as a buoyant body for at least one support cable, which is guided substantially below the bridge girder, preferably on the underside of the pontoons. Depending on the design, a supporting cable attached to the pontoons may replace one or more longitudinal cables or be provided in addition to longitudinal cables.
    Suitably, in this embodiment of a pontoon bridge according to the invention, at least one pontoon, to which at least one of the two support cables is attached, is arranged substantially in the center of the stabilization structure in the longitudinal center of the bridge girder. In this embodiment, a supporting cable is fastened approximately at the center of the stabilizing construction or approximately in the longitudinal center of the pontoon bridge to at least one of the pontoons arranged there. Advantageously, at least part of the dead weight of the supporting cable attached thereto is received by the at least one pontoon, which is designed as a buoyant body, thereby reducing the tensile force acting in the carrying cable.
    In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, in the case of a pontoon bridge, the two carrying cables are preferably connected to one another in a force-locking manner at least at one point of contact in the longitudinal center of the bridge carrier. Depending on the design, the two support cables can also be connected to one another at a plurality of contact points or along a contact section. Thus, a particularly high rigidity of the stabilizing construction is achieved in the transverse direction to the longitudinal axis of the pontoon bridge and thus increases the safety of the bridge girder. Furthermore, the non-positive connection of the two support cables to one another at a contact point or along a contact section offers the advantage that a distance between the anchoring points of the support cables on one and the same bank can thereby also be reduced. This has particular advantages in anchoring a pontoon bridge on a rugged or difficult to access coastline. For long pontoon bridges of several kilometers bridge length, the distances between the anchor points of the suspension ropes on the same shore - without frictional connection of the two suspension ropes together - for example, be 800 m as the crow flies. By connecting the two suspension ropes with each other, this distance can be reduced to, for example, 400 m as the crow flies between the anchorage points on the same shore. The establishment or attachment of such a pontoon bridge, in which the two support cables are connected touching each other, thus advantageously faster, due to shorter support cable lengths and material or resources are made more gentle and more economical overall.
    In a pontoon bridge according to the invention, a pylon is advantageously fastened to at least one pontoon. In order to achieve a wide passage for ships, for example, in the middle of the longitudinal direction of a pontoon bridge, there, the distance between the adjacent pontoons must be increased. To bridge the passage opening of the bridge carrier is therefore expediently supported by inclined cable, which are guided over pylons. The stabilization of the pontoons in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the pontoon bridge takes place by one or more running in the water longitudinal ropes which are anchored to the two abutments and are fastened by means of connecting structures which are arranged on an underside of the pontoons to the pontoons. Thus, a sufficient stabilization of the pontoon bridge is achieved in the area of wide passage openings.
    In a particularly robust embodiment of the invention, in a pontoon bridge, the stabilizing construction further comprises at least one tension member, wherein a first end point of the tension member is connected to one of the two support cables and an opposite second end point of the tension member is anchored on the bank. The stiffness of the stabilizing structure is advantageously increased by the tension members.
    In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the pontoon bridge in plan has a curved longitudinal axis and the pontoons are designed as a buoyant body for one of the two support cables. Advantageously, in this variant, one of the two carrying cables is guided below the bridge girder, which at the same time serves as a longitudinal rope in the longitudinal direction of the pontoon bridge. An advantage of this embodiment is further that the pontoons can be used as a buoyant body for one of the two support cables. The bridge girder or the pontoon bridge has in plan a curved, preferably a parabolic curved, longitudinal axis.
    In a further development of this embodiment according to the invention, the bridge girder is non-displaceably connected to abutments formed on the banks in the case of a pontoon bridge. Advantageously, length changes of the bridge girder in the longitudinal direction can be absorbed via transverse displacements by a bridge girder with a curved design in the ground plan, for example with a parabolic curved longitudinal axis. The bridge girder can thus be mounted immovably on the abutments in the transverse and longitudinal directions. In this case, in particular when using the pontoon bridge in the region of estuaries of rivers or when bridging fjords to take appropriate precautions in order to further accommodate a changed by the tides altitude of the pontoons by the bridge girder can.
    In a further variant of a pontoon bridge according to the invention, the bridge girder and at least one supporting cable arranged in the air are connected to one another by connecting cables, wherein the supporting cable rests on at least one support and a buoyant body forms a foundation for the support. The bridge girder is advantageously additionally stabilized in the transverse direction by a carrying cable located in the air. The support cable is supported in the vertical direction by supports which are mounted on the buoyancy bodies. Connecting cables, which are arranged in the air, connect the suspension cable arranged in the air with the bridge carrier. By applying a tensile force on the support cable tensile forces are generated in the connecting cables and in the bridge girder, which contribute to a stabilization in the transverse direction of the bridge girder.
    Appropriately, in this embodiment of a pontoon bridge, the supports on which rests the supporting cable arranged in the air, inclined at an angle of 0 ° to 30 ° to the vertical. The tensile force in the supporting cable is advantageously so large that the supporting cable is not free of tension by the introduction of the horizontal components of the normal forces of the supports. Below the buoyancy bodies, which serve as foundations of the supports, the support elements connected to the buoyancy bodies are also arranged in each case in an oblique position. Thus, the supporting elements arranged below the supports essentially form extensions of the supports below the water surface that are aligned with the support inclination. The support elements are for example designed as reinforced concrete columns.
    It is advantageous in a pontoon bridge according to the invention that a distance between the water surface and the stabilizing structure can be fixed by the arrangement of a connecting structure on an underside of the pontoon between the pontoon and at least one connecting cable. Depending on the design of the connecting structure, which is fastened below a pontoon or between the pontoon and the connecting cables, the position of the connection point at which the connecting cables are connected to the connecting structure can be defined. With a connecting structure with large immersion depth or a connection point, which is located in a large water depth, the connection ropes can, if necessary, in a water depth, for example, 20 m or 30 m out. Thus, a large passage depth for passing large ships is advantageously ensured.
    Furthermore, in the context of the invention, a multi-part pontoon bridge is specified, which comprises at least two pontoon bridges according to the invention, wherein the at least two pontoon bridges are arranged one behind the other, with a road over the at least two pontoon bridges and between two pontoon bridges in each case an island is present. By the serial arrangement of several pontoon bridges with islands located therebetween, which serve to anchor the suspension cables and as foundations of the abutments for the bridge girder, particularly large distances between opposite banks of wide waters can advantageously be bridged.
    Further details, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following explanations of exemplary embodiments shown schematically in FIGS. 1 to 14. 1 shows a plan view of a first embodiment of a pontoon bridge according to the invention; FIG. 2 shows a section along the section line Π - Π drawn in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the first embodiment of the pontoon bridge according to the invention with an alternative embodiment for arranging the connecting cables; FIG. FIG. 4 shows a plan view of the first embodiment of the pontoon bridge according to the invention with a further alternative embodiment for arranging the connecting cables; FIG. FIG. 5 shows a section along the section line V - V drawn in FIG. 1 or in FIG. 2; FIG. FIG. 6 shows a section along the section line VI - VI shown in FIG. 3; FIG. FIG. 7 shows a section along the section line VII - VII shown in FIG. 4; FIG. FIG. 8 is a plan view of a second embodiment of a pontoon bridge according to the invention; FIG. FIG. 9 shows a section along the section line IX - IX drawn in FIG. 8; FIG. FIG. 10 shows a section along the section line X - X shown in FIG. 8; FIG. FIG. 11 is a plan view of a third embodiment of a pontoon bridge according to the invention; FIG. FIG. 12 shows a section along the section line ΧΠ - XII shown in FIG. 11; FIG. FIG. 13 is a plan view of a fourth embodiment of a pontoon bridge according to the invention; FIG. and FIG. 14 shows a plan view of a fifth embodiment of a pontoon bridge according to the invention.
    A first example of a pontoon bridge 1 according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 1 to 7. In Fig. 1, a pontoon bridge 1 with a bridge girder 13, which has a straight longitudinal axis 10 in plan view here, is shown. At the two shores 5 of the bridge support 13 is slidably mounted on abutments 14. The dead weight of the bridge girder 13 and the pier 18 is supported by pontoons 12. A stabilizing structure 2 for receiving forces acting transversely to the longitudinal axis 10, which can be caused for example by wind, ocean currents or waves, comprises two supporting cables 3 and connecting cables 7 and connecting structures 19. The supporting cables 3 are at their two ends respectively at anchoring points 4 at anchored the banks 5 of a body of water. In the plan view illustrated in FIG. 1, the supporting cables 3 have an approximately parabolic course relative to the longitudinal axis 10 of the bridge girder 13 and are arranged such that a distance between the two supporting cables 3 at the anchoring points 4 on the bank 5 is greatest in each case and the distance between the two support cables 3 approximately in the middle of the longitudinal direction 10 of the pontoon bridge 1 is smallest. For this purpose, the supporting cables 3 are each connected to the connecting cables 7 with the pontoons 12. The connecting cables 7 are here arranged on the supporting cables 3 such that they are arranged in plan view at an angle of approximately 90 ° to the longitudinal axis 10 of the pontoon bridge 1. The dead weight of the supporting cables 3 and a part of the dead weight of the connecting cables 7 are supported by buoyancy bodies 8, which are connected by means of supporting elements 9 with the supporting cables 3. The tensile force in the traction cables 3 is determined by the free length between the Auftriebskörpem 8 and the weight of the supporting cables 3 under buoyancy in the water. The tensile force in the supporting cables 3 can be increased by tightening the connecting cables 7 or tightening the supporting cables 3 at the anchoring points 4.
    The illustrated in Fig. 2 longitudinal section of the pontoon bridge 1 shows that here the bridge girder 13 to the abutments 14, which are respectively arranged on the two opposite banks 5 of the waterway to be bridged, the smallest, and approximately in the middle of the longitudinal direction 10 of Ponton bridge 1, the largest distance to the water surface 6 has. The distance between the pontoons 12 is greatest here in the middle of the longitudinal direction 10 of the pontoon bridge 1 to allow a wide passageway for ships. This creates in the middle of the pontoon 1 a passageway between the pontoons 12 with a large span. The bridge girder 13 is therefore supported in the center of the bridge by inclined cables 17, which are guided via pylons 15. The stabilization of the pontoons 12 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 10 of the pontoon bridge 1 is effected by a running in the water longitudinal rope 16 which is anchored to the two abutments 14 and by means of connecting structures 19 which are arranged on an underside of the pontoons 12, on the pontoons 12th is attached. The longitudinal rope 16 is here arranged straight in the plan view shown in Fig. 1 and has in the section shown in Fig. 2 between the storage points a rope sag, which depends on the weight of the rope 16, the distance between the storage points and any additional applied tensile force on. The sag of the rope 16 is not visible in Fig. 2 due to the length of the pontoon 1, because the rope sag of the rope 16 in the horizontal direction, for example, only 5 m and the pontoon bridge 1 shown here, for example, has a length of 3,700 m.
    In the example shown in Fig. 2, the longitudinal cable 16 in the longitudinal direction 10 of the pontoon bridge 1, the support cables 3 and the connecting cables 7 are arranged in each case in the same altitude. In the sectional view of FIG. 2, therefore, only the longitudinal cable 16 can be seen. The longitudinal rope 16 and the support cables 3 are anchored on the left bank 5 below the water surface 6. On the right bank 5 it is shown that the longitudinal rope 16 can also be anchored over the water surface 6. On the first pontoon 12 next to the right bank 5 acts in this case, a deflection of the rope 16, which is to be considered in the design of the pontoons 12. Alternatively, in the context of the invention, the supporting cables 3 can also be anchored to anchoring points 4 located above the water surface 6 in each case.
    FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the first embodiment of the pontoon bridge 1 according to the invention with additional connecting cables 70 and tension members 11.
    These additional connecting cables 70 are here each arranged at an angle of 21 ° to 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis 10 of the pontoon bridge 1 and intersect under the
    Bridge support 13. The additional connecting cables 70 are arranged in the same horizontal plane as the supporting cables 3 and the connecting cables 7 extending at 90 ° to the longitudinal axis 10. The rigidity of the stabilizing structure 2 shown in FIG. 3 is additionally increased by tension members 11. The tension members 11 are attached thereto each with its one end point 111 of the tension member 11 on the support cable 3 and with its opposite end point 112 of the tension member 11 at a prepared on the bank 5 anchoring point. To reduce the sag of the under the water surface 6 arranged tension members 11, and thus to increase the Dehnsteifigkeit, a portion of the dead weight of the tension members 11 is also supported by buoyancy bodies 8.
    In Fig. 4 it is shown that the stabilizing structure 2 of the first embodiment of the pontoon bridge 1 without the connecting cables 7 shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, which in plan at an angle of 90 ° or substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 10th are ordered to, can be executed. The crossing in the plan of Fig. 4, additional connecting cables 70 here each have angles of 22 ° to 34 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis 10 of the pontoon bridge 1. In Fig. 4 additional buoyant body 8 are arranged to support the supporting cables 3 in comparison to FIG. 3 in order to further reduce the slack of the supporting cables 3 in the vertical direction compared to the variant according to FIG. 3. It can also be seen in FIGS. 3 and 4 that the additional connecting cables 70 arranged at the two ends of the stabilizing construction are anchored to the anchoring points 4 of the supporting cables 3.
    The arrangement of additional connecting cables 70, which intersect each other and each have an angle of 10 ° to 80 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis 10 of the pontoon bridge 1, is particularly advantageous for the derivation of forces in the transverse direction to the longitudinal axis 10 of the pontoon bridge 1, if these forces do not act evenly over the entire width of the water body or not uniformly over the longitudinal direction 10 of the pontoon bridge 1 between the two shores 5. By way of example, wind gusts or concentrated currents in the water can lead to forces not distributed uniformly in the longitudinal direction 10 on the bridge girder 13 and the individual pontoons 12. In these cases, the arrangement of intersecting additional connecting cables 70, as shown for example in FIG. 3 and in FIG. 4, is of particular advantage for increasing the rigidity of the stabilizing structure 2 transversely to the longitudinal axis direction 10 of the pontoon bridge 1.
    In Fig. 5 is a cross section of the first embodiment according to the invention of the pontoon bridge 1 is shown. The bridge girder 13 with the longitudinal axis 10 is arranged on a pillar 18 at. The dead weight of the bridge girder 13 and the pier 18 is supported by a pontoon 12. At the bottom of the pontoon 12 is a
    Connection structure 19 made of steel. The connecting cable 7 and the longitudinal cable 16 are connected via the connecting structure 19 with the pontoon 12. Forces acting on the pontoon 12 in the transverse direction, are passed through the connecting structure 19 in the connecting cables 7 and from these into the supporting cables 3. Forces acting on the pontoon 12 in the longitudinal direction are passed via the connecting structure 19 in the longitudinal cable 16 and from this finally in the abutment 14. The buoyancy bodies 8 are arranged on the support cables 3 and connected to this by support elements 9, which are claimed by the weight of the supporting cables 3 to train. The buoyancy bodies 8 float in the water and thus ensure a constant distance of the support cables 3 to the water surface 6. The arrangement of the stabilization structure 2 in a predetermined by the height of the connecting structure 19 distance to the water surface 6, allows the passage of the pontoon bridge 1 by ships with a large draft. The low vertical position of a connection point 30, in which the connecting structure 19, the connecting cables 7 and the longitudinal cable 16 coincide, due to the fact that when forces are introduced into the stabilizing structure 2 in the pontoon 12 moments arise by a skewed position of the pontoon 12 and compensate for a changed buoyancy effect.
    If not so high demands on the depth of the stabilization structure 2 from the shipping traffic, this can, as shown in Fig. 6, are formed in an altitude, so that the connecting cables 7 and the longitudinal cable 16 can be attached directly to the pontoon 12 , The altitude of the support cables 3 is adjusted by buoyancy body 8 with support elements 9. Tension members 11 contribute to an increased rigidity of the stabilizing structure 2 in the transverse direction.
    An alternative embodiment of the stabilization structure 2 is shown in FIG. 7. The additional connecting cables 70 are arranged directly under the pontoon 12 and connected to it at the connection point 30. The bridge carrier 13 is mounted in the example shown in Fig. 7 on pillars 18 with low height. The absorption of forces in the longitudinal direction of the pontoon bridge 1 can be done in this example by a framing action of the bridge girder 13 and pillars 18. The bridge girder 13 is to be supported on the abutments 14 so that the forces in the longitudinal direction of the pontoon bridge 1 can be removed.
    A second embodiment of a pontoon bridge 1 according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 8 to 10. The catching axis 10 of the bridge girder 13 is parabolic in plan in this example. The longitudinal axis 10 is straight in elevation and is thus located in a horizontal plane parallel to the water surface 6 of the water body. The bridge carrier 13 is, as can be seen from FIGS. 8 and 10, arranged in the vertical direction over one of the two support cables 3. A curved in plan view of the bridge girder 13 offers the possibility to record changes in length of the bridge girder 13 in the longitudinal direction 10 via transverse displacements. The bridge girder 13 can be mounted immovably on the abutments 14 in the transverse and longitudinal directions. In particular, when using the pontoon bridge 1 in the region of estuaries of rivers or when bridging fjords to take appropriate precautions to accommodate a changed by the tides altitude of the pontoons 12 through the bridge girder 13 can. In this exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 8 to 10, it is particularly advantageous that one of the two carrying cables 3 simultaneously serves as a longitudinal cable 16 in the longitudinal direction of the pontoon bridge 1. An advantage of this embodiment is further that the pontoons 12 can be used as a buoyant body 8 for one of the two support cables 3.
    A third embodiment of a pontoon bridge 1 according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. The bridge girder 13 has in plan a laterally curved, parabolic course and is on one of the two support cables 3, which simultaneously acts as a longitudinal rope 16 under water, arranged. The bridge girder 13 is additionally stabilized in the transverse direction by a supporting cable 20 located in the air. The support cable 20 is supported in the vertical direction by supports 21 which are mounted on the buoyancy bodies 8. The support cable 20 is connected to the bridge carrier 13 via connecting cables 22 which are arranged in the air. By applying a tensile force to the support cable 20 13 tensile forces are generated in the connecting cables 22 and the bridge girder, which contribute to a stabilization of the bridge girder 13 in the transverse direction. The support 21 is here, for example, inclined at an angle of 11 ° to the vertical, as shown in FIG. 12 can be seen. The tensile force in the support cable 20 must be so large that the support cable 20 is not de-energized by the introduction of the horizontal components of the normal forces of the supports 21. Below the buoyancy body 8, that is, below the water surface 6, the support elements 9 are also arranged in each case in an oblique position. The support elements 9 are here designed, for example, as reinforced concrete columns and are claimed in this embodiment by tensile forces from the own weight of the support cable 3 and by bending moments due to the inclined support position and as a result of the introduction of force of the horizontal component of the force acting on the respective support 21 normal force in the stabilization structure 2.
    A fourth embodiment of a pontoon bridge 1 according to the invention is shown in FIG. In this example, the support cables 3 have different curvatures. The shape of the supporting cables 3 is adapted to the force acting on the pontoons 12 and the bridge girder 13 in the transverse direction forces. Approximately in the middle in the longitudinal direction 10 of the pontoon bridge 1, the two supporting cables 3 touch each other depending on the embodiment in a contact point 33 or along a contact portion 33. They are firmly connected to each other at this contact point 33 or along this contact portion 33.
    A fifth exemplary embodiment of a pontoon bridge 1 according to the invention is shown in FIG. 14. A road 24 in this case runs from a bank 5 over a total of three pontoon bridges 1 to the opposite bank 5 of a body of water to be bridged. In each case islands 25, for example artificially heaped islands 25, are present here between the pontoon bridges 1. The middle of the three pontoon bridges 1 is here anchored in this example between two adjacent islands 25, wherein the islands 25 each form the banks 5 for anchoring the middle pontoon bridge 1. For example, a 13 km wide strait can be crossed by such a road 24 if it is assumed that each pontoon bridge 1 has a length of 4 km, for example, and each of the islands 25 has a length or a diameter of 500 m, for example.
    List of reference signs: 1 pontoon bridge 2 stabilizing structure 3 carrying rope (in the water) 4 anchoring point of a carrying rope 5 shore 6 water surface 7 connecting rope 8 buoyancy body 9 supporting element 10 longitudinal axis or longitudinal direction of the bridge carrier 11 tension member 12 pontoon 13 bridge carrier 14 abutment 15 pylon 16 longitudinal rope in the longitudinal direction the pontoon bridge 17 inclined cable 18 pillars 19 connecting structure 20 carrying rope (in the air) 21 prop (in the air) 22 connecting rope (in the air) 24 road 25 island 30 connecting point 33 contact point 70 additional connecting rope 111 end point of the tension member on the carrying cable 112 End point of the tension member anchored on the shore
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [1]
    Claims:
    1. pontoon bridge (1), comprising a plurality of pontoons (12) for supporting a bridge girder (13) and a stabilizing structure (2) with two support cables (3) whose anchoring points (4) each anchored to opposite banks (5) of a body of water and the are arranged below a water surface (6), wherein at least one supporting cable (3) has an approximately parabolic course in relation to the bridge girder (13) and the supporting cables (3) are connected to each other by connecting cables (7, 70), characterized in that at least one support cable (3) is connected to a buoyancy body (8) by at least one support element (9) and the buoyancy body (8) is arranged at least partially above the water surface (6).
    [2]
    2. pontoon bridge (1) according to claim 1, characterized by at least one in a longitudinal direction (10) of the bridge girder (13) extending longitudinal rope (16) which anchored to abutments (14) of the bridge girder (13) on the banks (5) and on the pontoons (12), preferably on an underside of the pontoons (12) is attached.
    [3]
    3. pontoon bridge (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the connecting cables (7, 70) at an angle of 10 ° to 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis (10) of the pontoon bridge (1) are arranged.
    [4]
    4. pontoon bridge (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the connecting cables (7, 70) below the water surface (6) and arranged with a first end of the rope respectively on a first support cable (3) and with an opposite second Rope end optionally on a second support cable (3), a longitudinal rope (16), a pontoon (12) and / or an anchoring point (4) on the bank (5) are attached.
    [5]
    5. pontoon bridge (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least two Zusatzbche connecting cables (70) are arranged crosswise to each other in plan.
    [6]
    6. pontoon bridge (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least one of the two support cables (3) on at least one pontoon (12), preferably on an underside of the pontoon (12), is attached, wherein the at least a pontoon (12) is designed as a buoyancy body (8).
    [7]
    7. pontoon bridge (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that at least one pontoon (12) on which at least one of the two supporting cables (3) is fixed, substantially centrally of the stabilizing structure (2) arranged in the longitudinal center of the bridge girder (13) is.
    [8]
    8. pontoon bridge (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the two supporting cables (3) preferably in the longitudinal center of the bridge girder (13) at least one contact point (33) are non-positively connected to each other.
    [9]
    9. pontoon bridge (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that on at least one pontoon (12) a pylon (15) is attached.
    [10]
    10. pontoon bridge (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the stabilizing structure (2) further comprises at least one tension member (11), wherein a first end point (111) of the tension member (11) with one of the two support cables ( 3) is connected and an opposite second end point (112) of the tension member (11) on the bank (5) is anchored.
    [11]
    11. pontoon bridge (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the pontoon bridge (1) in plan a curved longitudinal axis (10) and the pontoons (12) as buoyancy body (8) for one of the two supporting cables (3 ) are formed.
    [12]
    12. pontoon bridge (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that the bridge carrier (13) immovably connected to the banks (5) abutments (14) is connected.
    [13]
    13. pontoon bridge (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the bridge girder (13) and at least one arranged in the air carrying cable (20) with connecting cables (22) are interconnected, wherein the supporting cable (20) at least one support (21) rests and a buoyancy body (8) forms a foundation for the support (21).
    [14]
    14. pontoon bridge (1) according to claim 13, characterized in that the at least one support (21) is inclined at an angle of 0 ° to 30 ° to the vertical.
    [15]
    15. pontoon bridge (1) according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that a distance between the water surface (6) and the stabilizing structure (2) by the arrangement of a connecting structure (19) on an underside of the pontoon (12) between the Ponton (12) and at least one connecting cable (7, 70) can be fixed.
    [16]
    16. Multi-part pontoon bridge comprising at least two pontoon bridges (1) according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the at least two pontoon bridges (1) are arranged one behind the other, wherein a road (24) via the at least two pontoon bridges (1) leads and between two pontoon bridges (1) each have an island (25) is present.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3237684A1|2017-11-01|
    AT516670B1|2017-02-15|
    EP3237684B1|2018-11-28|
    WO2016102346A1|2016-06-30|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    JPH1152710A|1997-08-01|1999-02-26|Canon Inc|Developing device|
    WO2005059255A1|2003-12-19|2005-06-30|Aardal Kaare|Anchor system for a pontoon bridge|
    DE102008008233A1|2008-02-08|2009-08-20|Horn, Martin, Dipl.-Ing.|Floatable blocking device for forming part of water body in surrounding rest water body, has bridle arranged at separating wall, so that wall is self-regulated, retained or aligned in its vertical operating position in water body|
    NO337262B1|2012-05-26|2016-02-29|Reinertsen As|Design for anchoring of floating installations, as well as device at floating bridge with anchoring.|NO20190221A1|2019-02-19|2020-08-20|Oedegaard Rune Henning|Low profile floating bridge with segregated ship channel through adjacent terrain|
    RU200848U1|2020-01-16|2020-11-13|Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "МеталлПроект"|River floating bridge|
    法律状态:
    2021-08-15| MM01| Lapse because of not paying annual fees|Effective date: 20201223 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50943/2014A|AT516670B1|2014-12-23|2014-12-23|pontoon bridge|ATA50943/2014A| AT516670B1|2014-12-23|2014-12-23|pontoon bridge|
    PCT/EP2015/080425| WO2016102346A1|2014-12-23|2015-12-18|Pontoon bridge|
    EP15816151.3A| EP3237684B1|2014-12-23|2015-12-18|Pontoon bridge|
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